Liquid-meter.



E. G. AlLEY. LIQUID METER. APPLICATIONTILED 1AN.22. 1913.

1,200,914, Patented oet. 10,1916.

CORPORATION 0F ILLINOIS.

citizen of the United States, residing .in Newton Highlands, in the county of Middlesei` and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Liquid-Meters, 'of Which 'the following description, 11i con nection with the accompanying drawings, is

a specification, like letters on the drawings" representing like parts.`

meter, and is embodied in a meter having a dam or obstruction provided with an aperture, the said aperture, in accordance with -in a Weir having'a triangular opening, it

the invention, beingso constructed that the rate of flow of liquid through it will vary In any desired relation to the head,

.In using any of theusual forms of weii's, tli'e head or vertical height of the surface of the liquid above the crest or sill of the weir can be easily recorded by the use of a float, the movement of which, as the level changes, causes a pen movement on a chart, VThe chart, however, in this case obviously records nothing but the head, and as the rate of How is not directly proportional to the head, the rate of liow of liquid can only be found by calculation from the recordshOwn at 'any given time. Furthermore, the average rate. of How for an interval of time cannot be determined by merely finding the average head during said interval of time.

. For example, in a weir'having a rectangular opening, the rate of flow varies substantially as the three-halves power of the head and j varies substantially as the live halves power of the head. On account of this fact, cor

means of a formula or curve determine the rect results cannot be obtained by averaging the heads throughout a period of time and using the average head in the mathematical formula or calibration `curve to ascertain the'average rate of flow during such period of time, if the rate, oit How varies. Under such conditions it is necessary to take a number-of readings of the v4head and by rate of'flow ,for each head separately and average the rates of liow. In order, there` fore, that the average of any quantity may be obtained from a chart showing a polar or rectangular record, by the use of any of the usualA types of planimeters or radii averaging instruments, 1t is necessary that there cording pen should move in direct propor- Specication of I-etters Patent.

' poses set forth. The present invention relates to a liquid sTATEs EATENT Aeuries.

ERVIN G. BAILEY, or NEWTON IIIGIILANDS', MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOE., BY MEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, To THE KENNICCTT COMPANY, 0E CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS, A

LIQUID-METER.

Patented oct. io, 191e.

' Application filed January 2,2, -1913. Serial No. 743,479.

aged; and'tliismay be accomplished by so proportioning the effective area of the aperture to the height of the water above the crest that the rate of How proportional to the head.

The present invention is embodied in novel means for varying the size of the aperture in proportion to the .Figure l is a perspective' view of a measuring reservoir provided with alweir embodying this invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section across the aperture; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section looking toward the aperture. l

In accordance with the invention, the effective area of the .egress through the obstruction is varied'in relation to the height of the surface of the liquid above the bottom of theopening, lby forming the egress so that the complete boundary thereof has` horizontal as well as vertical components; and, by.` duly proportioning these components one to the other, it is possible to modify the egress area, as it .increases with the increase in the head. in such away that the rate of flow of liquid through the egress will vary directly as the hea d. This is accomplished by locating the boundary of said egress partly outside of a vertical plane through that part of the lowest point of egress which is first reached .by the flowing liquid. There are manyv ways by which this may be accomplished, and I have herein shown as an illustration a meter comprising a reservoirfl adapted toA receive a liquid through apipe 2, and discharge the said liquid through the Weir notch or aperture, it being obvious that the level of the liquid will depend upon the rate of flow through the meter. As a convenient means for obtaining a record, therefore, the reservoir may be provided with a float 3 Connected with the rock shaft-4 fwhich has a pen 5 adapted to make a record on a rotatable chart 6 of the usual type.- In accordance With the'invention, however, the egress or weir notch, in stead of consisting of anopening which .is wholly in a vertical plane through the part first reached by the flowing liquid, consists of an opening which is mainly beyond said.I plane, the boundaries of. said opening having horizontal, as Well as l vertical, components will bel directly head, for the pur- Q Laconia.

In the rectangular reservoir shown, the iront wall "a" constitutes the obstruction to the llow of liquid, and thepart olf' the apen vwall'', starting from a horizontal plane,

and curving` upward toward a vertical plane.4 This opening, therefore, is bounded at the bottomv by the part hrst reached by the liquid, andat thelsides by the curved edges of the lips; and, except as a matter of convenience, it 1s immaterial what the shape ofthe entire obstruction maybe, provided that .the edges of the aperture are so shaped that the relation between the horizontal and vertical components is such as to bring about the desired relation between the rate of liow and the head. Y

The relation desired is obtained by taking into vconsideration the laws governing the flow ofliquids and observing the coe'l'licicnt of flow under various conditions, and from such data calculating the shape of the curved surfaces of the egress, or any equivalent therefor, which is, necessary to bring about the desired result. For instance, if it is desired that the rate of flow of liquid through the egress of the meter shall be directly proportional to thehead, it is evident that the equation' (l) Q=kit must be satisfied in which Q='rate of How of liquid, such as cubic feet per second;

k :head of liquidI over the lowest point of egress; and

4 `llc-:a constant expressing the amount of flow per unit head.

The .well known basic law of hydraulics relative to the fiow of liquids through any shaped aperture is mathematically expressedas follows:

upon this basis has shown great accuracy and, usefulness and has many advantages over any other known forni of liquid meter.

Itis perfectly obvious that, when desired, any other relation between rate of flow and head could be secured in. accordance with the present invention in a similar manner. It is further obvious that the width of the el@ is the quantity discharged said elementary arca do;

)t :head producing flow through said elementary area glo; i

Zozsaid elementary area;

y :acceleration due to the force of gravity.

The next step is to find what shaped aperture will satisfy both or the above equations,

ln accordance with the present invention l have found that this can be successfully carried out by making the distance between the edges of the opening uniform and varying theinclination which these edges make with a horizontal, as shown in the drawings.

Ylhe area of discharge for any head would be mathematically expressed as op where o is the distance between the curved lips and 7) is the distance measured along the curved lips from the lowest point ofegress to the level or. the liquid on the up stream side of the aperture. F rom this is derived the following equation- (3) i1-bp. The' differential of which equation isdaztdip. The differential of equation (l) is- Qs/calli.

kBy combination and squaring, the following equation is obtained:

(i) v slowenien(dp)zeg'i.V

ln order to determine mathematically the shape to vwhich the lips should be curved it is convenient to .make the calculations on a basis of rectangular coordinates. Hence let e; be the distance from any point on the curved edge of the lips, measured'along the horizontal to a vertical projection from the bottom of the curve. It is evident therefore,

that the following equation 4is derived:

From which by integration is obtained equation through`- opening need not be constant but any delateral boundaries of which are so shaped as to satisfy the terms of the equation lsubstantially as herein described.

Well as vertically therefrom, the plane of the orifice varying in inclination to the hori' zontal at different distances from the crest of the Weir so as to secure a desired variation in the operative area of the orifice with respect to a given variation in the head.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my naine to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses. h

ERVIN G. BAiLEY.

Witnesses:

JAS. J. MALONEY, W. E. COVENEY. i 

